2017 年第 10 期 第 12 卷

饮食强化管理及运动指导在糖尿病患者自我管理中的应用效果

Effects of intensive dietary management and exercise instruction on self-management of diabetes mellitus

作者：冯蕾王占玲

英文作者：Feng Lei Wang Zhanling

单位：100050首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院临床营养科

英文单位：Department of Clinical Nutrition Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100050 China

关键词：糖尿病；饮食强化管理；运动指导；血糖控制；效果分析

英文关键词：Diabetesmellitus;Intensivedietarymanagement;Exerciseinstruction;Glycemiccontrol;Effectanalysis

• 摘要：

• 目的 探讨饮食强化管理及运动指导在糖尿病患者自我管理中的应用效果。方法 选取2015年11月至2016年11月于首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院就诊的糖尿患者120例，完全随机分为对照组和观察组，各60例。所有患者入院后均实施常规检查后予以降糖、降脂等常规治疗，对照组予以常规护理，观察组实施饮食强化管理及运动指导。比较2组患者入组时及干预3个月后的血糖控制情况、糖尿病相关知识知晓率、相关管理标准化效应评价及自我管理能力评分。结果 干预后，2组空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖及糖化血红蛋白水平均较治疗前降低，且观察组低于对照组［（7.1±2.0）mmol/L比（8.3±1.9）mmol/L、（9.5±1.8）mmol/L比（10.3±2.4）mmol/L、（6.00±0.20）%比（6.20±0.60）%］，差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。干预后，观察组患者糖尿病相关知识知晓率明显高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。干预后，观察组相关管理标准化效应评价评分、自我管理能力评分及分级在一般以上比例明显高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。结论 对糖尿病患者实施饮食强化管理及运动指导，不仅可有效提高患者自我管理能力，增强相关知识的掌握程度，还有利于血糖的控制。

• Objective To discuss effects of intensive dietary management and exercise instruction on self-management of patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods Totally 120 patients with diabetes were enrolled from November 2015 to November 2016 in Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University; they were randomly divided into control group and observation group, with 60 cases in each group. All patients had routine laboratory examination and blood glucose and lipid lowering therapy; the control group had conventional nursing care; the observation group had intensive dietary management and exercise instruction. Glycemic control, awareness of diabetes knowledge, effects on standardized management and self-management were analyzed before and 3 months after intervention. Results After intervention, levels of fasting blood glucose, postprandial 2 h blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin significantly decreased compared to those before intervention; levels of fasting blood glucose, postprandial 2 h blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group［（7.1±2.0）mmol/L vs （8.3±1.9）mmol/L, （9.5±1.8）mmol/L vs （10.3±2.4）mmol/L, （6.00±0.20）% vs （6.20±0.60）%］（P＜0.05）. The awareness rate of diabetes knowledge in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group（P＜0.05）. Scores of standardized management evaluation and self-management ability in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group（P＜0.05）. Conclusion Intensive dietary management and exercise instruction contribute to enhancing self-management and increasing knowledge about diabetes, which are beneficial to blood glucose control in diabetic patients.