2019 年第 7 期 第 14 卷

儿童鼻腔异物的临床表现和诊治

Clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of nasal foreign body in children

作者：陈国威严尚潘宏光滕以书段鸿芳李兰

英文作者：

单位：518038广东省深圳市儿童医院耳鼻咽喉科

英文单位：

关键词：异物；鼻腔；儿童；临床表现；诊断；治疗

英文关键词：

• 摘要：

• 【摘要】目的    探讨儿童鼻腔异物在区域性都市地区的临床表现特点和诊治方法。方法    回顾性分析2016年1月至2017年6月广东省深圳市儿童医院285例鼻腔异物患儿的病历资料。对性别、年龄、就诊原因、异物在鼻腔内存留时间、类型及位置、并发症以及取出方法记录并加以分析。结果    鼻腔异物多发生于1～6岁儿童，为274例（96.1%）。大多数患儿（260例，91.2%）以自诉鼻腔塞入异物或者监护人发现而就诊。大多数鼻腔异物留存时间≤1 d（259例，90.9%）。鼻腔异物以玩具及其部件为主（92例，32.3%）；右侧鼻腔异物（168例，58.9%）发生率高于左侧（112例，39.3%）和双侧（5例，1.8%）鼻腔异物。38例（13.3%）出现并发症，发生率相对较低。大多数鼻腔异物（281例，98.6%）以简单器械取出，4例（1.4%）需要全身麻醉取出。结论    鼻腔异物常发生于1～6岁儿童，其种类与生活环境有关。大多数鼻腔异物患儿就诊时无明显症状，且于门急诊以简单器械即可取出。

• 【Abstract】Objective    To investigate the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of pediatric nasal foreign body in a regional metro area. Methods    Two hundred and eighty-five children with nasal foreign body admitted to Shenzhen Children′s Hospital, Guangdong Province from January 2016 to June 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Gender, age, cause of consultation, retention time, type and location of nasal foreign body, complications and removal methods were analyzed. Results    Nasal foreign body was common in children between 1-6 years of age(274 cases, 96.1%). Most children(260 cases, 91.2%) sought medical consultation for complaint of foreign body placed in nasal cavity themselves or discovered by their guardians. Retention time of foreign body was less than 1 day in 259 cases（90.9%）. Toys or parts of toys were the main causes（92 cases, 32.3%）. Foreign body was more common in right nasal cavity(168 cases, 58.9%) than left（112 cases, 39.3%） and both cavities(5 cases, 1.8%). Complications were noticed in 38 cases（13.3%）. Most nasal foreign bodies(281 cases, 98.6%) could be removed with simple instruments; 4 cases(1.4%) need operation with general anesthesia. Conclusions    Nasal foreign body often occurs in children of 1-6 years old; the type of foreign body is related with living environment. Most children with nasal foreign body have no obvious symptom. Most nasal foreign bodies can be removed with simple instruments in outpatient or emergency departments.