主管单位:中华人民共和国
国家卫生健康委员会
主办单位:中国医师协会
总编辑:杨秋
编辑部主任:吴翔宇
邮发代号:80-528
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英文作者:Zhang Jie, Wang Jue
单位:中国人民解放军第四军医大学第二附属医院眼科,西安710038
英文单位:Department of Ophthalmology the Second Affiliated Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University of the People′s Liberation Army of China Xi′an 710038 China
关键词:白内障;流行病学;辐射;环境
英文关键词:Cataract;Epidemiology;Radiation;Environment
【摘要】目的 调查西安市企、事业单位体检人群电离辐射所致白内障的患病率及其工龄和工种等构成。方法 选择2017年7—8月西安市263家企、事业单位的体检者32 059名,通过专项眼科检查及评估,统计白内障的患病率及其病因构成,分析照射性白内障患者的工龄分布和工种构成情况。结果 在32 059名调查对象中,白内障患病率为0.91%(291/32 059),病因以照射性白内障最多,为110例(37.80%),其次为外伤性96例(32.99%)、疾病性82例(28.18%)、先天性3例(1.03%)。110例照射性白内障患者工龄≥25年32例(29.09%),≥20~<25年22例(20.00%),≥15~<20年22例(20.00%),≥10~<15年18例(16.36%),≥5~<10年16例(14.55%)。110例照射性白内障患者工种为炼钢、铸铁行业的比例最高,占36.36%(40/110),化工车间工种比例为28.18%(31/110),野外作业者占比20.91%(23/110),一般生产车间占比为14.55%(16/110)。结论 西安市企、事业单位体检者中的照射性白内障以炼钢、铸铁行业的一线操作工人占比最高,且以工龄较长者占比更高,建议对该工种岗位工人加强穿戴合格防护工作服和铅防护眼镜、施行轮换作业、岗位替换等防护措施。
【Abstract】Objective To investigate the epidemiological status of cataract caused by ionizing radiation through physical examination in enterprises and institutions of Xi′an. Methods In July to August 2017, 32 059 people from 263 enterprises and institutions in Xi′an city were screened for the prevalence and causes of cataract through ophthalmic examination. Types of work and length of service in cataract patients caused by radiation were analyzed. Results Prevalence rate of cataract was 0.91%(291/32 059). Cataract caused by radiation took the largest proportion(37.80%, 110/291). Injury, disease and congenital defect respectively took 32.99%(96/291), 28.18%(82/291) and 1.03%(3/291) of the causes of cataract. The proportion of radiation-induced cataract increased with service age[≥25 years: 32 cases(29.09%), ≥20-<25 years: 22 cases(20.00%), ≥15-<20 years: 22 cases(20.00%), ≥10-<15 years: 18 cases(16.36%), ≥5-<10 years: 16 cases(14.55%)]. It also fluctuated among different types of work[steel refining: 36.36%(40/110), chemical engineering: 28.18%(31/110), field working: 20.91%(23/110), general production workshop: 14.55%(16/110)]. Conclusion Workers exposed to ionizing radiation over long period of service at steel refining have high incidence of cataract, suggesting that rational protective measures should be enforced to strengthen occupational protection.
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