2021 年第 1 期 第 16 卷

脑微出血的相关研究进展

Advance in study on cerebral microbleeds 

作者：牛天童1许保磊1刘广志1牛敬忠2

英文作者：Niu Tiantong1 Xu Baolei1 Liu Guangzhi1 Niu Jingzhong2

单位：1首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院神经内科100029；2山东第一医科大学第二附属医院神经内科，山东省泰安市271000

英文单位：1Department of Neurology Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100029 China; 2Department of Neurology the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University Shandong Province Tai′an 271000 China

关键词：脑微出血；危险因素；脑卒中

英文关键词：Cerebralmicrbleeds;Riskfactors;Cerebralapoplexy 

• 摘要：

• 脑微出血是指从脑小血管漏出的血液形成含铁血黄素在血管周围的沉积，在磁敏感加权成像上呈现出直径2~5 mm圆形或卵圆形（非线形）病变，常出现于皮质、皮质下白质、基底节等部位。相关研究表明脑微出血会增加认知能力下降或痴呆的风险，也会增加脑卒中的发病率和病死率。鉴于此，本文对脑微出血的表现、流行病学、相关危险因素及发病机制等进行综述。

• Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) refers to the formation of hemosiderin deposits around the blood vessels by the blood leaking from the cerebral small blood vessels. On the magnetic susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI), the lesions with a diameter of 2-5 mm circular or ovoid (rather than linear) usually appear in cortex, subcortical white matter, basal ganglia and other parts. Studies have shown that CMBs increase related risks refering to cognitive decline or dementia, and increase incidence and mortality of stroke. In view of this, the article reviews the performance, epidemiology, related risk factors and mechanism of CMBs.