2022 年第 12 期 第 17 卷

早产儿坏死性小肠结肠炎继发脑损伤的研究进展

Research advances of secondary brain injury caused by necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants

作者：甘露 王凡 沈富辉 段孟洮 程小航

英文作者：Gan Lu Wang Fan Shen Fuhui Duan Mengtao Cheng Xiaohang

单位：兰州大学第二医院新生儿科，兰州730030

英文单位：Department of Neonatalogy Lanzhou University Second Hospital Lanzhou 730030 China

关键词：坏死性小肠结肠炎；脑损伤；早产儿

英文关键词：Necrotizingenterocolitis；Braininjury；Prematureinfants

• 摘要：

• 新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎（NEC）是一种严重威胁新生儿生命的疾病，是临床上常见的胃肠道急症，主要见于早产儿。NEC远期可导致肠道狭窄、短肠综合征、生长发育迟缓、神经发育障碍等。NEC在肠道启动免疫强烈的炎症反应有扩大到机体全身的风险，远处器官如大脑容易受累，因而患NEC的婴儿面临神经发育迟缓的风险显著增加。NEC继发性脑损伤不利于患儿的身心健康，然而对于NEC继发脑损伤的发病机制，迄今尚未完全阐明。早期发现及诊治可减轻NEC后神经发育障碍的程度。本文对早产儿NEC继发脑损伤的研究进展进行综述。

• Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious disease that threatens the life of neonates and is a common clinical gastrointestinal emergency, mainly seen in premature infants. NEC can lead to intestinal stenosis, short bowel syndrome, growth retardation, neurodevelopmental disorders and so on. NEC induces strong inflammatory responses in the gut and has the risk of spreading throughout the whole body. Distant organs such as the brain are vulnerable to involvement, so infants with NEC are at significantly increased risk of neurodevelopmental disability. Secondary brain injury caused by NEC is not conducive to the physical and mental health of children. However, the pathogenesis of secondary brain injury caused by NEC has not been fully elucidated so far. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment can reduce the degree of neurodevelopmental disturbance after NEC. This paper reviews the research progress of secondary brain injury caused by NEC in premature infants.