2024 年第 4 期 第 19 卷

微小RNA在调控髓系细胞及急性髓系白血病表达中的研究进展

Research progress of microRNA′s expression on regulating bone marrow and acute myeloid leukemia

作者：苏涵赵士玉刘义庆

英文作者：Su Han Zhao Shiyu Liu Yiqing

单位：山东第一医科大学附属省立医院临床医学检验部，济南250021

英文单位：Department of Clinical Laboratory Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University Jinan 250021 China

关键词：微小RNA；髓系细胞；急性髓系白血病

英文关键词：MicroRNA;Bonemarrow;Acutemyeloidleukemia

• 摘要：

• 微小RNA(miR)是一种长度在22个核苷酸左右的内源性非编码单链小RNA。它通过与靶基因mRNA的结合来调控mRNA的降解或抑制其编码蛋白的转录。miR参与了多种生物学过程，包括细胞分化、增殖和凋亡等。考虑到miR潜在的临床相关性，在各种人类疾病中可能作为肿瘤治疗的更好的预测生物标志物和治疗靶点。本文对一些具有代表性的miR及其靶基因或信号通路和对髓系细胞的调控机制、急性髓系白血病发生发展的相关研究进行综述。鉴于miR在肿瘤群体用于疾病的诊断、预后、分型和治疗指导的巨大临床应用前景，总结出一些具有预后或治疗价值的miR及对化疗药物耐受性的关系等及miR开发治疗靶点的优势和存在的问题，并展望了miR在急性髓系白血病诊断和治疗方面的应用潜力。

• MicroRNA (miR) is a class of endogenous, non-coding, single-stranded small RNAs that are about 22 nucleotides in length. They regulate mRNA degradation and inhibit protein transcription by binding to target gene mRNAs. MiR plays a role in various biological processes, including cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Given their potential clinical relevance, miR may serve as improved predictive biomarkers and therapeutic targets for tumor treatment in a range of human diseases. This article presents examples of representative miR and their target genes or signaling pathways, and summarizes recent research on the regulatory mechanisms of miR in myeloid cells and the development of acute myeloid leukemia. In light of the promising clinical applications of miR in tumor populations for disease diagnosis, prognosis, typing, and treatment guidance, this article also reviews miR with prognostic or therapeutic value and their relationship to chemotherapy drug tolerance. Additionally, it discusses the advantages and challenges of developing miR therapeutic targets and explores the potential for using miR in the diagnosis and treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.