2025 年第 8 期 第 20 卷

运动疗法干预慢性肾脏病随机对照试验的结局指标现状分析

Analysis of the current status of outcome indicators of randomized controlled trials of exercise therapy intervention in chronic kidney disease

作者：刘禹李靖岳书颉方晓月柯程浩

英文作者：Liu Yu Li Jing Yue Shujie Fang Xiaoyue Ke Chenghao

单位：北京中医药大学东直门医院肾病内分泌科二区,北京100700

英文单位：Second Ward Department of Nephrology Endocrinology Dongzhimen Hopital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100700 China

关键词：慢性肾脏病；运动疗法；随机对照试验；结局指标

英文关键词：Chronickidneydisease;Exercisetherapy;Randomizedcontrolledtrial;Outcomeindicators

• 摘要：

• 目的 通过分析目前运动疗法干预慢性肾脏病（CKD）的随机对照试验（RCT）结局指标的使用现状，为运动疗法辅助治疗CKD的临床效果评价方法提供意见。方法 系统检索多个中英文数据库运动干预CKD的RCT研究，检索时间为建库至2025年3月，提取文献特征，并分析运动干预CKD的RCT结局指标选择情况。结果  纳入52篇文献，涉及出现2次及以上的结局指标58项，共报告406次，结局指标涵盖肾功能（66次，16.3%）、运动能力测试（34次，8.4%）、身体功能表现（60次，14.8%）、危险因素（135次，33.2%）、发病机制相关指标（66次，16.3%）、问卷和量表（20次，4.9%）及安全性指标（25次，6.2%）等多方面。结论  运动干预CKD的RCT结局指标存在选择差异过大、部分结局指标有待完善以及对临床症状表现及心理健康的关注度较低等问题，未来研究应致力于构建核心指标集以期起到指标选择的科学性、代表性和临床实用性，提升结局指标的严谨性。

• Objective To analyze the current status of randomized controlled trials (RCT) of exercise therapy in the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and to provide suggestions for the evaluation method of clinical effect of exercise therapy in the treatment of CKD. Methods A number of Chinese and English databases were systematically searched for RCT of exercise intervention in CKD from the establishment of the database to March 2025. The characteristics of the literature were extracted, and the selection of outcome indicators of RCT of exercise intervention in CKD was analyzed. Results A total of 52 articles were included, involving 58 outcome indicators that appeared twice or more, and a total of 406 reports were reported. The outcome indicators included renal function (66 times, 16.3%), exercise ability test (34 times, 8.4%), physical function performance (60 times, 14.8%), risk factors (135 times, 33.2%), and pathogenesis related indicators (66 times,  16.3%), questionnaires and scales (20 times, 4.9%), and safety indicators (25 times, 6.2%). Conclusion The outcome indicators of RCT on exercise intervention in CKD have some problems, such as large selection differences, some outcome indicators need to be improved, and less attention is paid to clinical symptoms and mental health. Future research should be committed to building a core index set to make the selection of indicators scientific, representative and clinical practicability, and improve the rigor of outcome indicators.