2025 年第 8 期 第 20 卷

内源性神经干细胞在颅脑创伤中的研究进展

Research progress of endogenous neural stem cells in traumatic brain injury

作者：周娟1石学颖2卞子薇2孙洪涛3高若妍3

英文作者：Zhou Juan1 Shi Xueying2 Bian Ziwei2 Sun Hongtao3 Gao Ruoyan3

单位：1中国人民武装警察部队特色医学中心急诊医学科，天津300162；2中国人民武装警察部队特色医学中心生殖医学科，天津300162；3中国人民武装警察部队特色医学中心神经创伤及修复研究所，天津300162

英文单位：1Department of Emergency Medicine Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People′s Armed Police Force Tianjin 300162 China; 2Department of Reproductive Medicine Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People′s Armed Police Force Tianjin 300162 China; 3Institute of Neurological Trauma and Repair Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People′s Armed Police Force Tianjin 300162 China

关键词：颅脑创伤；内源性神经干细胞；分化；神经功能

英文关键词：Traumaticbraininjury;Endogenousneuralstemcells;Differentiation;Neurologicalfunction

• 摘要：

• 颅脑创伤是一种常见的神经系统损伤，其愈合和修复受到多种因素的影响，其中内源性神经干细胞（eNSCs）在颅脑创伤后的分化成熟过程中对于神经系统的康复具有重要意义。颅脑创伤后的局部缺氧、炎症和细胞死亡等环境可通过多重信号通路促进eNSCs的激活与分化。细胞因子、微小RNA、神经元来源细胞外囊泡、线粒体的生物合成均可作为调节因素，使得eNSCs在特定条件下分化为神经元和胶质细胞，并通过调节炎症反应为神经修复创造良好的微环境。将组织工程技术与eNSCs相结合可进一步有效促进神经再生和功能恢复。本文综述了eNSCs在颅脑创伤中的分化成熟研究进展，重点探讨了其潜在的治疗机制和临床应用前景，以期为未来的研究提供参考和启示。

• Traumatic brain injury is a common nervous system injury, and its healing and repair are affected by many factors. The differentiation and maturation process of endogenous neural stem cells (eNSCs) after traumatic brain injury is of great significance for the rehabilitation of the nervous system. The local hypoxia, inflammation and cell death after traumatic brain injury can promote the activation and differentiation of eNSCs through multiple signaling pathways. Cytokines, microRNA, neuron-derived extracellular vesicles, and mitochondrial biosynthesis can be used as regulatory factors to make eNSCs differentiate into neurons and glial cells under specific conditions, and create a good microenvironment for nerve repair by regulating inflammatory response. The combination of tissue engineering technology and eNSCs can further effectively promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery. This article reviews the research progress of eNSCs differentiation and maturation in traumatic brain injury, focusing on its potential therapeutic mechanism and clinical application prospects, in order to provide reference and enlightenment for future research.