2025 年第 9 期 第 20 卷

微小RNA在缺血性脑卒中发生发展中的作用机制研究进展

Research progress on the mechanism of microRNA in the occurrence and development of ischemic stroke

作者：吴明嫦1余运达2龙发青1

英文作者：Wu Mingchang1 Yu Yunda2 Long Faqing1

单位：1海南医科大学第二附属医院神经内科，海口570100；2海南医科大学第二附属医院全科医疗科，海口570100

英文单位：1Department of Neurology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University Haikou 570100 China; 2Department of General Medicine The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University Haikou 570100 China

关键词：缺血性脑卒中；微小RNA；机制研究；炎症反应；神经修复；治疗靶点

英文关键词：Ischemicstroke;MicroRNA;Mechanismresearch;Inflammatoryresponse;Nerverepair;Therapeutictarget

• 摘要：

• 缺血性脑卒中（IS）是导致全球死亡和长期致残的重要疾病之一。近年来，微小RNA（miR）作为重要的基因表达调控分子，在IS中的作用受到广泛关注。miR通过调控炎症、凋亡、血脑屏障通透性、神经元存活及突触可塑性等过程，在脑卒中病理和修复中发挥多种作用。研究表明，miR具有双向调控特性，既可加重缺血性脑损伤（例如miR-155、miR-34a），也可减轻脑损伤并促进修复（例如miR-21、miR-124、miR-132）。此外，miR在脑卒中不同时期及不同病理机制中发挥动态变化作用，为脑卒中的诊疗提供了新视角。本综述系统总结了miR在IS中的作用机制，重点阐述其在炎症反应、氧化应激、细胞凋亡、血脑屏障损伤与脑水肿以及神经网络修复中的调控作用。另外还分析了当前研究的局限性并展望未来发展方向。

• Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the most important diseases leading to death and long-term disability worldwide. In recent years, microRNA (miR), as an important gene expression regulator, has attracted extensive attention in its role in IS. MiR plays a variety of roles in stroke pathology and repair by regulating inflammation, apoptosis, blood-brain barrier permeability, neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity. Studies have shown that miR has bidirectional regulatory properties, which can not only aggravates ischemic brain damage (for example, miR-155, miR-34a), but also reduce brain damage and promote repair (for example, miR-21, miR-124, miR-132). In addition, miR plays a dynamic role in different stages and different pathological mechanisms of stroke, which provides a new perspective for the diagnosis and treatment of stroke. This review systematically summarized the mechanism of miR in IS, focusing on its regulatory role in inflammatory response, oxidative stress, apoptosis, blood-brain barrier injury and brain edema, and neural network repair. In addition, the limitations of current research were analyzed and future development directions were prospected.