2025 年第 6 期 第 20 卷

心血管疾病患者营养不良发生机制与特殊医学用途配方食品的应用现状

Mechanism of malnutrition in patients with cardiovascular disease and application status of formula foods for special medical purposes

作者：林孙雨瑄冯妍

英文作者：Lin-Sun Yuxuan Feng Yan

单位：首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院心脏康复中心北京市心肺血管疾病研究所，北京100029 林孙雨瑄为首都医科大学公共卫生学院预防专业在读本科生

英文单位：Cardiac Rehabilitation Center Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases Beijing 100029 China Lin-Sun Yuxuan is an undergraduate student majoring in prevention at the School of Public Health Capital Medical University

关键词：心血管疾病；营养不良；特殊医学用途配方食品

英文关键词：Cardiovasculardiseases;Malnutrition;Foodforspecialmedicalpurpose

• 摘要：

• 心血管疾病现已成中国居民死亡的主要原因，营养不良是心血管疾病患者的常见合并症，严重影响疾病的发生发展和预后。特殊医学用途配方食品（FSMP）是为特定疾病或营养状况的人群配制的，有助于改善营养状况和增强免疫力。研究表明，FSMP能改善心血管疾病患者的预后，特别是在有营养不良风险的患者中。本文回顾了过往关于心血管疾病与营养不良关系的研究，总结了国内外在心血管疾病患者中应用FSMP的研究进展，旨在为心血管疾病FSMP的研发与应用提供依据。

• Cardiovascular disease has become the leading cause of death in China. Malnutrition is a common complication in patients with cardiovascular disease, which seriously affects the occurrence, development and prognosis of the disease. Formulated foods for special medical purpose (FSMP) are prepared for people with specific diseases or nutritional status to help improve nutritional status and enhance immunity. Research has shown that FSMP can improve the prognosis of cardiovascular disease patients, especially in those at risk of malnutrition. This article reviews previous studies on the relationship between cardiovascular disease and malnutrition, and summarizes the research progress of FSMP in patients with cardiovascular disease at home and abroad, aiming to provide a basis for the development and application of FSMP in cardiovascular disease.