2025 年第 6 期 第 20 卷

不同自身免疫性肝病肠道与口腔菌群的差异及临床意义研究概述

Overview of the differences and clinical significance of gut and oral microbiota in different autoimmune liver diseases

作者：席钰雯徐可树

英文作者：Xi Yuwen Xu Keshu

单位：华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院消化内科，武汉430022

英文单位：Department of Gastroenterology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022 China

关键词：自身免疫性肝病；肠道菌群；口腔菌群；自身免疫性肝炎；原发性胆汁性胆管炎； 原发性硬化性胆管炎

英文关键词：Autoimmuneliverdiseases;Gutmicrobiota;Oralmicrobiota;Autoimmunehepatitis;Primarybiliarycholangitis;Primarysclerosingcholangitis

• 摘要：

• 人体微生态系统在调节正常生理功能及维持内环境稳定中起着重要作用。肝脏作为人体重要的免疫器官，长期暴露于来自肠道的循环营养物质和微生物群内毒素影响。自身免疫性肝病的发病机制目前尚不完全明确，除自身免疫因素之外，近年来随着高通量测序等技术的出现，通过对人体菌群的不断深入研究，发现肠道与口腔菌群也在自身免疫性肝病的发生发展及治疗中占有重要地位。本文总结了肠道和口腔菌群在不同自身免疫性肝病中的特点以及通过调节菌群对自身免疫性肝病所起的积极治疗作用。

• The human microecosystem plays an important role in regulating normal physiological functions and maintaining the stability of the internal environment. As an important immune organ of the human body, the liver is chronically exposed to the effects of circulating nutrients and endotoxin from the gut microbiota. The pathogenesis of autoimmune liver disease is not completely clear at present. In addition to autoimmune factors, in recent years, with the emergence of high-throughput sequencing and other technologies, through the continuous in-depth study of human microbiota, it has been found that gut and oral microbiota also play an important role in the occurrence, development and treatment of autoimmune liver disease. This article summarizes the characteristics of gut and oral microbiota in different autoimmune liver diseases and the positive therapeutic effect of regulating microbiota on autoimmune liver diseases.