2025 年第 10 期 第 20 卷

肌肉减少症在维持性血液透析患者中的研究进展

Research progress of sarcopenia in maintenance hemodialysis patients

作者：郑文炜罗琰琨

英文作者：Zheng Wenwei Luo Yankun

单位：山西医科大学附属山西省人民医院肾内科，太原030012

英文单位：Department of Nephrology Shanxi Provincial People′s Hospital Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030012 China

关键词：血液透析；肌肉减少症；影响因素；发病机制；干预措施

英文关键词：Hemodialysis;Sarcopenia;Influencingfactors;Pathogenesis;Interventionmeasures

• 摘要：

• 肌肉减少症（简称肌少症）在维持性血液透析（MHD）患者中的发病率显著高于一般人群，给MHD患者的生活质量和预后带来了不良影响。本文围绕肌少症在MHD患者中的流行病学、影响因素、发病机制及干预措施进行综述，指出影响因素包括运动不足、营养不良、肠道菌群失调、电解质紊乱、年龄和性别，其发病机制涉及蛋白质代谢紊乱、炎症状态、胰岛素抵抗、神经肌肉接头功能障碍，可以采用运动训练、营养支持、药物治疗进行干预。

• The incidence of sarcopenia in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients is significantly higher than that in the general population, which has a negative impact on the quality of life and prognosis of MHD patients. This article reviews the epidemiology, influencing factors, pathogenesis and intervention of sarcopenia in MHD patients, and points out that the influencing factors include insufficient exercise, malnutrition, intestinal flora imbalance, electrolyte imbalance, age and gender, and its pathogenesis involves protein metabolism disorder, inflammatory state, insulin resistance and neuromuscular junction dysfunction. Exercise training, nutritional support and drug therapy can be used for intervention.