2026 年第 3 期 第 21 卷

呼吸道局部与循环血液炎症因子在肺部感染性疾病中的研究进展

Research progress on local respiratory tract and circulating blood inflammatory factors in pulmonary infectious diseases

作者：谷雨1崔舜瑶2周佩熙2雷婧涵2高淑蔚1武元星1王艳1

英文作者：Gu Yu1 Cui Shunyao2 Zhou Peixi2 Lei Jinghan2 Gao Shuwei1 Wu Yuanxing1 Wang Yan1

单位：1首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院呼吸与危重症医学科，北京100029；2首都医科大学公共卫生学院，北京100069

英文单位：1Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100029 China; 2School of Public Health Capital Medical University Beijing 100069 China

关键词：肺部感染；炎症因子；支气管肺泡灌洗液；循环血液；局部免疫

英文关键词：Pulmonaryinfection;Inflammatoryfactors;Bronchoalveolarlavagefluid;Circulatingblood;Localimmunity

• 摘要：

• 肺部感染性疾病是全球范围内发病率和死亡率居高不下的主要原因之一。其发生、发展与机体复杂的炎症反应密切相关。传统上，对肺部感染的研究多依赖于循环血液中炎症因子的检测。然而，越来越多的证据表明，呼吸道局部（如肺泡灌洗液、痰液等）的炎症因子谱更能直接反映肺部的免疫微环境状态，且其表达水平与血液中的炎症因子水平既存在关联，又存在显著差异。本文旨在综述近年来关于呼吸道局部与循环血液中炎症因子在社区获得性肺炎、新型冠状病毒感染、医院获得性肺炎/呼吸机相关性肺炎等常见肺部感染性疾病中的表达特征、动态变化、临床意义及其相互作用的研究进展，并探讨其在疾病诊断、严重程度评估、预后判断及个体化治疗中的潜在价值。

• Pulmonary infectious diseases are among the primary causes of high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Their occurrence and progression are closely associated with the complex inflammatory responses of the body. Traditionally, research on pulmonary infections has largely relied on the detection of inflammatory factors in circulating blood. However, a growing body of evidence indicates that the inflammatory factor profile in the local respiratory tract (e.g., bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, sputum, etc.) can more directly reflect the status of the pulmonary immune microenvironment, and its expression levels are both correlated with and significantly different from those of inflammatory factors in the blood. This article aims to review the recent research progress on the expression characteristics, dynamic changes, clinical significance and interaction of local respiratory tract and circulating blood inflammatory factors in common pulmonary infectious diseases such as community-acquired pneumonia, coronavirus disease 2019, hospital-acquired pneumonia/ventilator-associated pneumonia, and to explore their potential values in disease diagnosis, severity assessment, prognosis judgment and individualized treatment.