2026 年第 4 期 第 21 卷

单中心眼外伤住院患者流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of inpatients with ocular trauma in a single center

作者：杨捷王群苑建捧权巍

英文作者：Yang Jie Wang Qun Yuan Jianpeng Quan Wei

单位：中国人民解放军总医院第三医学中心眼科医学部，北京100039

英文单位：Department of Ophthalmology the Third Medical Center Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing 100039 China

关键词：眼外伤；入院诊断；流行病学；手术方式；危险因素

英文关键词：Oculartrauma;Admissiondiagnosis;Epidemiology;Surgicalmethod;Riskfactors

• 摘要：

• 目的 分析北京市某三甲医院2015—2019年眼外伤住院患者的流行病学特征。方法 回顾性选取中国人民解放军总医院第三医学中心2015年1月至2019年12月收治的外伤性眼部疾病患者621例。记录患者的性别、年龄、入院诊断类型、手术治疗方式等，采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析外伤性眼部疾病的危险因素。结果 在621例患者中男483例、女138例。年龄分布中，＜13岁64例、13~30岁221例、＞30~60岁295例、＞60岁41例。职业分布中，建筑工人172例、制造业工人105例、学生89例。不同性别、年龄、职业患者比例比较差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.001）。入院诊断前3位依次为眶壁骨折294例（47.3%，其中钝性撞击271例）、泪小管断裂142例（22.9%，其中钝器切割96例）、晶状体脱位44例（7.1%，其中高速冲击38例）。不同手术方式患者眼外伤类型比例比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果 显示，男性（比值比=1.83，95%置信区间：1.29~2.60）、建筑工人（比值比=2.45，95%置信区间：1.78~3.38）和钝器击伤（比值比=4.12，95%置信区间：2.96~5.73）是眶壁骨折的独立危险因素（均P<0.05）。年龄>30~60岁（比值比=4.21，95%置信区间：2.89~6.13）和锐器切割（比值比=3.87，95%置信区间：2.64~5.67）是泪小管断裂的独立危险因素（均P<0.001）。结论 青壮年劳动力是眼外伤高危人群，职业暴露与生活活动是主要诱因，其职业防护及运动安全教育亟待加强。眶壁骨折需作为重点防治方向，手术策略需结合年龄与损伤类型个体化设计。

• Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of inpatients with ocular trauma admitted to a Grade A tertiary hospital in Beijing from 2015 to 2019. Methods A total of 621 patients with traumatic ocular diseases admitted to the Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2015 to December 2019 were retrospectively enrolled. Data including gender, age, type of admission diagnosis and surgical treatment were recorded. Multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors for traumatic ocular diseases. ResultAmong the 621 patients, 483 were male and 138 were female. In terms of age distribution, there were 64 cases under 13 years old, 221 cases aged 13-30 years, 295 cases aged >30-60 years and 41 cases over 60 years old. Regarding occupational distribution, 172 were construction workers, 105 were manufacturing workers and 89 were students. There were significant differences in the proportion of patients among different genders, ages and occupations (all P<0.001). The top three admission diagnoses were orbital wall fracture (294 cases, 47.3%, including 271 cases caused by blunt trauma), canaliculus laceration (142 cases, 22.9%, including 96 cases caused by blunt instrument cutting) and lens dislocation (44 cases, 7.1%, including 38 cases caused by high-velocity impact). There was a significant difference in the proportion of ocular trauma types among patients receiving different surgical methods  (P<0.001). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that male sex (odds ratio=1.83, 95% confidence interval: 1.29-2.60), construction worker occupation (odds ratio=2.45, 95% confidence interval: 1.78-3.38) and blunt instrument injury (odds ratio=4.12, 95% confidence interval: 2.96-5.73) were independent risk factors for orbital wall fracture (all P<0.05). The age of >30-60 years old (odds ratio=4.21, 95% confidence interval: 2.89-6.13) and sharp instrument cutting (odds ratio=3.87, 95% confidence interval: 2.64-5.67) were independent risk factors for canaliculus laceration (both P<0.001). ConclusionsYoung and middle-aged laborers are high-risk groups for ocular trauma, with occupational exposure and daily activities as the main inducing factors, indicating that occupational protection and safety education on sports activities are urgently needed to be strengthened. Orbital wall fracture should be taken as a key direction for prevention and treatment, and surgical strategies should be individually designed based on age and injury type.