2021 年第 3 期 第 16 卷

气管切开患者居家护理主要照顾者负担及其影响因素分析

Burden of primary caregivers of home care patients with tracheotomy and its influencing factors

作者：陈红曹李瑶王冲

英文作者：Chen Hong Cao Liyao Wang Chong

单位：首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院急诊危重症中心100029

英文单位：Emergency Critical Care Center Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100029 China

关键词：气管切开；主要照顾者；负担

英文关键词：Tracheotomy;Primarycaregivers;Burden

• 摘要：

• 目的 了解气管切开患者居家护理主要照顾者的负担现状及其影响因素。方法 于2018年1—12月采用便利抽样法选取北京市5所三级甲等医院行气管切开术出院患者的320名主要照顾者为研究对象，利用自行设计的调查问卷结合Zarit照顾者负担量表（ZBI）中文版对研究对象进行调查，采用单因素和多因素回归分析主要照顾者的负担现状和影响因素。结果 320名主要照顾者的ZBI平均负担评分为（50±13）分，其中重度负担57人、中度负担168人、轻度负担95人。多因素回归分析结果显示，女性、照顾者工作状态为在岗、照顾天数为每天和每周3～5 d、每日照顾频次为5次以上和2～4次均为照顾者负担加重的显著影响因素（均P＜0.05）。结论 气管切开患者的主要照顾者负担仍处于较高水平，女性或在岗照顾者，每周照顾天数不少于3 d或每日照顾频次不少于2次时，照顾者负担显著增加。

• Objective To study the burden of primary caregivers of home care patients with tracheotomy and its influencing factors. Methods From January to December 2018， 320 primary caregivers of patients with tracheotomy discharged from five tertiary hospitals in Beijing were recruited according to simple sampling method. Self-designed questionnaire and Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZBI) Chinese version were used to examine the primary caregivers. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis were used to analyze primary caregivers′ burden and its influencing factors. Results The average burden score of the 320 primary caregivers was (50±13), including 57 severe burden, 168 moderate burden, and 95 mild burden. Multivariate regression analysis showed that female, caregiver working status as employed, care frequency as daily and 3-5 d per week, more than five times and 2-4 times per day were significant influencing factors increasing  burden（all P＜0.05）. Conclusions The primary caregivers′ burden of patients with tracheotomy is still at a relatively high level. The burden of caregivers who are female, employed, and needed to care the patients for more than 3 d per week or no less than two times per day significantly increases.